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Forums Drugs Cannabis & Hashish What is Cannabis or Marijuana?

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  • Hey Style..

    I wouldn’t recommend buying drugs from any website as you have no idea what you are being sent.

    Also we on here we do not condone illegal activity such as dealing in illegal drugs.

    What you choose to do and what others speak about on here is one thing but we are not here as an outlet to source drugs…

    Hope you understand this..

    Acidfairy wrote:
    Hey Style..

    I wouldn’t recommend buying drugs from any website as you have no idea what you are being sent.

    Also we on here we do not condone illegal activity such as dealing in illegal drugs.

    What you choose to do and what others speak about on here is one thing but we are not here as an outlet to source drugs…

    Hope you understand this..

    Acidfairy, i understand what you want to say me, i post it because maybe there is some people who did it some times with good results. Of course i dont will believe to the first person who tell me something, but maybe there is a group of people who have experience on it and can help me.

    Thank you for the preocupation and for the title edit!


      Staff
      Quote:
      Senior police officers are calling for cannabis to be reclassified from a class C to a class B drug.

      Three years ago the Association of Chief Police Officers (Acpo) supported the drug’s downgrading, but now wants a return to the previous position.

      Tim Hollis, chairman of Acpo’s drugs committee, said downgrading cannabis had sent out the wrong signals.

      Acpo is also concerned about the number of cannabis “factories” that have sprung up across the country.

      Full Story

      hmmm… maybe it’ll mean we get more of the standard grass rather than skunk?

      i dont think it’ll make a difference, it’ll still be everywhere.

      Makes little sense when cannabis ue is decreasing for the first time in decades and also the poice themselves has admitted that the bulk of what they seize is actually lower quality than they were previously seeing.

      Even if there is loads and loads of super strength skunk, why should that make it more dangerous. If you have a bit of good weed put less in the joint, its pretty simple isn’t it.

      cos its artificially enhanced basically. super skunk turns people into monged out retards rather than chilled stoners. putting less in a joint doesn’t really work, you either get nothing or full out mongness

      standard grass is much better

      ive seen the difference whilst watching one particualr smoker…He doesnt usually smoke strong skunk just milder hash etc…when he has smoked strong stuff he starts to get overly paranoid and speaks about conspiracy theories and people filming him etc….im sure he should not be smoking at all!!!! I have never been into smoking weed as i know it makes me paranoid and i dontlike that feelign at all!!!

      police know the cannabis does know harm, its decreasing in use, and has recently had more medical benefits associated with it. so why on earth make it class b again theres just no logic behind it

      boothy wrote:
      cos its artificially enhanced basically. super skunk turns people into monged out retards rather than chilled stoners. putting less in a joint doesn’t really work, you either get nothing or full out mongness

      standard grass is much better

      No offence dude but thats not true.

      I refuse to smoke the shit commerial “skunk” thats going arround as its badly processed after harvest so its horrible on your head. Its not strong its just not fully dry and still full of all the checmicals that you don’t want to smoke. One joint of it drives me loopy and I get all shy and withdrawn. I do however smoke high grade organic weed bought from local growers, its far stronger but its bone dry and has been in for a 6 week cure allowing for the chlorophyll etc to break down. I smoke it every day and have done for the last 2 years and I don’t find any problems.

      The same goes for a lot of people I know who are sick of the new commercial shit thas floating about so its not just me. That stuf is like the soap bar of the grass world, its been so fucked about with you can’t even call it weed. I know how weak it is as when a friends girlfriend was busted with a kilo of it she was taken to court and they claimed it was 6% THC (after testing) which is about the same as scumbar, so it definately wasn’t the strength.

      I know I get a bit evangelical about this but I just get driven mad when people believe tabloid nullshit when it comes to drugs. They are about the most unreliable source of information on anything illegal as they are run by right wing arseholes who think the people of this country should be scared into line.

      Anyway my point is if you buy damp weed full of shit and smoke it your not gona have a good time. Cannabis is a mood enhancer and if the chemicals in the weed hurt your lungs and give you a sore head thats gona be amplified by the weed and make you on edge. Try it wuth your next bit of weed take a fat joints worth and let it try totally on newspaper and put it in a jam jar for a week opening it once a day to allow air exchange then smoke it. It tastes like weed rather than smoking plant and its a nice smooth smoke and it doesn’t fuck with your head as much.

      Finally I just want to make sure you realise I’m not promoting cannabis as a wonder drug and I do realise that its not for some people but this super skunk myth is a load of crap and I have already posted several articles from more reliable sources than the daily mail, including police reports and articles from proper newspapers that support the theory that this weed is not much stronger if at all its just shitly processed.

      Info from The Lancet, via the Guardian paper

      http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2007/07/27/cannabis_new.pdf

      (sorry I dont know how else to link it)

      The article there is almost entirely based upon the two researchers mentioned in this one here. (I posted the whole thing as it also attacks the quadruple strength skunk debate)

      Quote:
      We currently have two complete myths being reported by the media as facts. Firstly, that the strength of cannabis has risen, and, secondly, that cannabis causes serious mental illness. Both invented by the prohibitionists, and both utterly groundless.

      Let’s start by noting that there are as many strains of cannabis as there are types of roses. When talking about the strength, one cannot say ‘cannabis is’ anything, just as one cannot describe all roses as being of any one colour. The hemp that is grown in our fields, under license from the Home Office, is less than 1% THC, yet it is no less a cannabis plant than those being grown in closets and lofts throughout the country. It has always been this way, the strength varies from strain to strain, and cannot be given a generalised figure.

      The truth behind this myth is that the average strength of herbal cannabis, tested by the police, has risen from 8% THC, roughly a decade ago, to 12% THC more recently. This has happened because the herbal cannabis supplied to street dealers has changed from imported strains, common in Afghanistan, Morocco, or Jamaica, to strains grown here, which originated, mainly, in the Netherlands and USA. Using selective breeding, not genetic engineering as some tabloids might have you believe, modern breeders are producing the strains being demanded by the market, but none are stronger than strains which already existed.

      The Cabinet members and various politicians, who admit to breaking the same law they seek to have their constituents prosecuted for, have also been rolling out the ‘much stronger than I smoked way back when’ routine with hilarious regularity. Ignoring the fact that the majority of the cannabis which would have been available when they were at university wouldn’t have been herbal cannabis, but hashish. For those who might not know, hashish is produced by collecting the active natural chemicals on the exterior of the flowered buds and pressing it into solid form. Hashish would usually be found to be over 80% THC, and can be over 90%. This is what our Home Secretary and David Cameron smoked at university. Not the 12% herbal cannabis they allege is far stronger.

      Myth: Cannabis is 10-20-30-40 times stronger.

      Fact: The herbal cannabis currently available from street dealers is stronger by about a half than that available a decade ago. So use less and save yourself some money.

      Now let’s burst the ‘cannabis psychosis’ bubble. I’d like to drift a little before I begin, if you could excuse an observation for one paragraph, by pointing out that the prohibitionists are using the, unprovable, suggestion, that cannabis may be one of a myriad of things that, might possibly, act as a trigger for a latent mental illness in those already predisposed to that illness, as justification for the prohibition of cannabis. Whilst tobacco and alcohol are still killing over one hundred thousand UK citizens every year. And they say there is no hypocrisy in the Misuse of Drugs Act, ho, ho.

      For some time now, there has been an open purse for those wishing to do any form of ‘reputable’ medical study that could be used as proof that the use of cannabis can be dangerous. That isn’t a conspiracy theory, I have no time for them and prefer to stick to facts. Governments who supported the prohibition of cannabis have been searching, without success, over the last seventy years, for supportable evidence that what they did was right. The field of psychiatry is such that nothing can ever be proven conclusively, and so has become an ideal prohibitionist spawning ground. Add a multi-million dollar, US government funded, advertising campaign, 10 years ago, which attempted to promote the idea that cannabis use was dangerous to mental health, and which flopped most thoroughly might I add, and it starts to sound like conspiracy theory though.

      I could quote the authors of some of the reports being used in evidence of these mythical dangers. Such as Dr. Ferguson stating that he would ‘have had the same results testing for milk abuse’, or Prof. Van Os stating that his findings would ‘effect such a small number of cannabis users that they could never be used to determine legislation’. I could even point out that the majority of those behind the studies believe that prohibition can only make this situation worse. But all I really have to refer to, to destroy the cannabis psychosis myth, is the international rate of schizophrenia, and related serious mental illness.

      Whilst the use of cannabis has changed dramatically, the international rate of schizophrenia, and related serious mental illness, has remained constant. From the point where records began, when cannabis use would have been minimal in westernised society, through the flower power years, through the late seventies, when 60% of US college students admitted to having tried cannabis, to the current day. The rate has remained exactly the same. Some leading psychiatric scholars even suggest it may be dropping.

      If you were to compare countries with minimal use of cannabis against countries with high use, you would find the same rates of schizophrenia, and related serious mental illness. If you compared the legal structures of countries and the severity with which they treat cannabis users, you would find the same rates of schizophrenia, and related mental illness.

      For there to be any validity in the claim that cannabis causes serious mental illness there would have to be a rise in the rate of those illnesses when there is a rise in the use of cannabis. It cannot be any other way, it is indisputable. Cannabis does not cause serious mental illness.

      Myth: Cannabis can increase your risk of schizophrenia by up to 200%

      Fact: The increase in the use of cannabis has not increased the rate of schizophrenia, anywhere in the world, at any time.

      Rev. Paul Farnhill

      I think its a combination of binge culture and xenophobia, I notice there wasn’t such a furore until the Vietnamese saw a gap in the market due to demand from lazy stoners…

      how many people say “there’s too many fucking foreigners on the streets” and then buy a takeaway or fast food because they can’t be arsed to cook themselves? Then some of these people grass up the takeaways to environmental health often simply because they don’t like seeing the foreigners making money.

      its the same mentality in effect here…

      whilst haveing a cigarette :you_crazy :hopeless:
      (yes, I’m haveing a relapse after 1 yr 9 months and am back to reading my Allen Carr book (as it worked for me))

      I laughed out loud as ‘we’ dont have these discussions about fag’s / alcohol etc which can all have major negative affects on our health but coz they’re legal ………

      again its all about personal choice – we know we do things that impact on us and those around us – and if we choose to do them thats our responsibility..

      I know what I’m trying to say but not sure if I’m making sense..

      General Lighting wrote:
      I think its a combination of binge culture and xenophobia, I notice there wasn’t such a furore until the Vietnamese saw a gap in the market due to demand from lazy stoners…

      I wish it was just that. The scale of the Vietnamese operation has allowed them to take control of the market during all the busts that have been happening. I can’t remember its name but the big operation cracking down on grow ops across the country led to a lot of the local gangs deciding it wasn’t worth it anymore, as most of their professional growers were inside.

      The Vietnamese however are using “throwaway” men who mean nothing to the organistaion and they don’t care if they get caught. This has allowed them to take control over the market despite al the busts that have happened to them and flood the market with lower grade rubbish. These people have little knowledge of cultivation and just want it over and done with so they have paid back their debt to the gangs and can attempt to live a normal life.

      I have a dealer who only phones me when she has stuff that has not come from the vietnamese and its usually smokeable. Its not quite fully mature but its been flushed and dried properly but still a damn site better than the other stuff she gets for the same price. Anyway all of her smoke used to come like this from various UK gangs but nowadays its very rare and not in the quantities it used to be.

      ….in 1908 😉

      “The Pharmacy of Hashish” by E. Whineray, M..P.S.

      BRITS RECOGNISE MEDICAL BENEFITS OF CANNABIS

      Cannabis Indica was introduced into England by O’Shaughnessy, and the first extract was made by the late Mr Peter Squire, the well-known pharmacist of Oxford Street. According to the “British Pharmacopoeia” the official variety may consist of the flowering or fruiting tops; and is frequently of inferior quality, seeing that the fruiting tops yield less resin.

      According to the “Journal” of the Chemical Society’s Transactions. the important constituent is a resin. The active principle is stated to be a red oil, Cannabinol, which is liable to become oxidised and inert. Its medicinal properties are sedative, anodyne. hypnotic and antispasmodic. It has been used with success in migraine and delirium, neuralgia. pain of the last stages of phthisis and in acute mania: also in menorrhagia and dystmenorrhoea. (“Squire’s Companion.” Page 167, 1904 edition.) It does not produce constipation or loss of appetite: on the contrary it restores the appetite which had been lost by chronic opium or chloral drinking. (1889, “Lancet,” vol. I. page 65.)

      BRITISH INDIA PUTS EXPORT DUTY ON HASHISH

      Dr. Martindale remarks that recently the Cannabis imported had more toxic effects than formerly (this in spite of the fact that a high export duty has been placed upon the drug): it has indeed been stated that toxic symptoms have been produced by doses of the extract within the official limits. According to the “British Pharmacopoeia” the dose is l/4 to 1 grain. The “Lancet” vol. i. page 1042 (1908), records two interesting cases of toxic symptoms caused by taking overdoses of the tincture.

      Antidotes for Cannabis poisoning are the stomach-pump or emetics followed by stimulating draughts of brandy and water or strong coffee, vegetable acids, such as lemon juice or vinegar.

      Dr. Robert Hooper in his “Lexicon Medicum” (page 315). published in l848, says: “Cannabis Indica is a variety of hemp much used in the East as an excitant. The Hindoos call it “Bangue,” the Arabs “Hasheesh,” the Turks “Malach,” “The leaves are chewed or smoked like those of tobacco and an intoxicating liquor is prepared from them. This plant is also used by the Hottentots who call it “Dacha.”

      ON THE MAKING OF HASHISH Although “charas” has been properly described as “a foul and crude drug, the use of which is properly excluded from civilised medicine,” it is imported into British India to the value of 120.000 rupees per annum, a total exceeding the combined value of all the other medicinal imports, so that it is an article which deserves more than passing notice. Indian hemp (Cannabis Sativa), when grown in the East, secretes an intoxicating resinous matter on the upper leaves and flowering spikes, the exudation being marked in plants growing throughout the Western Himalayas and Turkestan, where charas is prepared as a commercial article, Formerly it was cultivated in fields in Turkestan. but now it is grown as a border around other crops (such as maize), the seeds of both being sown at the same time.

      A sticky exudation (white when damp and greyish when dry) is found on the upper parts of the plant before the flowers show, and in April and May, when the plants attain a height of 4 or 5 ft. and the seeds ripen, the Cannabis is gathered, after reaping the crops. and stored in a cool, dry place. When dry the powdery resinous substance can be detached by even slight shaking, the dust being collected on a cloth.

      In some districts the plants are cut close to the roots, suspended head downwards. and the dust or “gard” shaken from them and collected on sheets placed on the floor. The leaves, seeds. etc., are picked out, and sand. etc., separated by passing through a fine sieve, the powder being collected and stored in cloth or skin bags, when it is ready for export. In some villages the charas or extract is made up into small balls, which are collected by the middleman.

      BRITISH INDIA’S MAGISTRATES ISSUE HASHISH CERTIFICATES

      On reaching British territory all charas is weighed before the nearest magistrate, by whom it is sealed, a certificate of weight signed by the Deputy Commissioner being given to the owner. The trader, before leaving the district, obtains a permit allowing him to take the drug to a special market. The zamindars of Chinese Turkestan are the vendors of the drug, the importers being Yarkhandis or Ladakhis, who dispose of it at Hoshiapur and Amritsar principally, returning with piece-goods. or Amritsar merchants who trade with Ladakh. The drug in this way reaches the chief cities of Punjab during September and October. Thence it is distributed over the Central and United Provinces as far as Bombay and Calcutta, and is used everywhere for smoking.

      Charas, though a drug, plays the part of money to a great extent in the trade that is carried on at Ladakh, the price of the drug depending on the state of the market, and any fluctuations causing a corresponding increase or decrease in the value of the goods for which it is bartered. The exchange price of charas thus gives rise to much gambling. A pony-load (two pais or three maunds) sells for Rs. (Rupees) 40 or Rs. 50, the cost of transport to Hoshiapur (the chief Punjab depot) is Rs. 100, and there it fetches from Rs. 30 to Rs. 100 per maund. Retail dealers sell small quantities at a price that works out at Rs. 200 to Rs. 500 per maund.

      Five years ago the Kashgar growers, encouraged by the high prices, sowed a large crop and reaped a bumper harvest, only to find the market already overstocked and prices on the Leh Exchange fallen from Rs. 60 to Rs. 30 per maund. The following are the imports of charas from Ladakh and Kashmir between 1904 and 1907:
      1904-5 1905-6 1906-7 Cwt.* 2818 2446 2883 Value Rs 12,13,860 18,39,960 22,90,560

      [* Cwt = Hundredweight: 1 cwt = 112 lbs, approx = 50 kgs]

      Small quantities of charas are made, chiefly for local consumption, in the Himalayan districts of Nepal, Kumaon, and Garhwal, and in Baluchistan. Samples of Baluchistan charas made in the Sarawan division of the Kalat State have been sent to the Indian Museum by Mr. Hughes-Buller.

      The following is the mode of preparation. –

      “The female ‘bhang’ plants are reaped when they are waist high and charged with seed. The leaves and seeds are separated and half dried. They are then spread on a carpet made of goat’s hair, another carpet is spread over them and slightly rubbed. The dust containing the narcotic principle falls off, and the leaves, etc., are removed to another carpet and again rubbed. The first dust is the best quality, and is known as “nup;” the dust from the second shaking is called “tahgalim,” and is of inferior quality. A third shaking gives “gania,” of still lower quality. Each kind of dust is made into small balls called “gabza,” and kept in cloth bags. The first quality is recognised by the ease with which it melts.”

      The local rates per tola are: for first quality 2a.5p., (Shillings & Pence), second quality 1a.7p., and third quality 11p. Small quantities of charas find their way from Thibet into British and Native Garhwal, and a little is prepared in Simla and Kashmir; while other sources are Nepal and the hill districts of Almora and Garhwal. In preparing Nepal charas, the ganja-plant is squeezed between the palms of the hands, and the sticky resinous substance scraped off, “Momea,” black wax-like cakes, valued at Rs. 10 per seer, and “Shahjehani,” sticks containing portions of leaf, valued at Rs. 3 per seer, are the two kinds of Nepal charas, a few maunds being exported annually to Lucknow and Cawnpore. No charas is made in the plains of India, except a small quantity in Gwalior, the Bengal ganja yielding no charas in all the handling it undergoes in the process of preparation — thus emphasising the fact that the intoxicating secretion is developed in plants growing where the altitude and climate are suitable, as in the Himalayas and Turkestan.

      ON THE CONCEPT OF CUTTING HASHISH

      “Adulterations.” — Aitchison in 1874 stated that no charas of really good quality ever came to Leh, the best charas in the original balls being sent to Bokhara and Kokan. He said the chief adulterant is the mealy covering of the fruits of the wild and cultivated Trebizond date (“Eloeagnus” “hortensis”). The impression in the United Provinces and the Punjab is that the Yarkhand drug is sophisticated. and a preference is given in some quarters to the Nepal and other Himalayan forms, which command a higher price. The Special Assistant in Kashgar declares there is “No advantage in increasing the weight”, as when dealers in India buy the drug they test it, otherwise they would pay a heavy duty on the “adulterant” as well as on the charas itself; so no exporter at present would spoil his charas by adding extraneous substances.

      Mr. Hooper added descriptions of samples, namely: Kashgar charas, Yarkhand charas, Baluchistan charas, Gwalior charas, Kumaon charas, Garhwal charas, Nepal charas and Momea charas, from Simla.

      The cultivation of hemp for its seed and fibre dates from very remote periods. It was used as an intoxicant by the Persians and Arabians in the eleventh and twelfth centuries and probably much earlier, but was not introduced into European medicine until the year 1838. Very good qualities of the drug are purchased in Madras, but the European market is chiefly supplied with inferior grades from Chalapur.

      The larger leaves are collected separately; when dried they are known as “bhang.” During the manipulations to which the plant is subjected in preparing the drug, a certain quantity of the resin is separated; it is collected and forms the drug known as “charas” (Churrus). Charas is also prepared by rubbing ganjah between the hands or by men in leather garments brushing against the growing plants, in any case separating part of the active adhesive resin; hence the official description limits the drug to that from which the resin has not been removed.

      All these forms of the drug are largely used in India for producing an agreeable form of intoxication; ganjah and charas are smoked, while bhang is used to prepare a drink or sweetmeat.

      The drug bas a powerful odour, but is almost devoid of taste. Numerous attempts have been made to isolate the active constituent of Indian hemp; it is not possible here to do more than allude to the chief late ones.

      THE DISCOVERY OF HASH OIL

      In 1881 Siebold and Bradbury isolated a thick yellowish oily liquid which they termed “Cannabinine” and their results were confirmed in 1884 by Warden and Waddell. In 1894 Robert separated a dark red syrupy mass possessing intoxicating properties and in 1896 Wood, Spivey, and Easterfield obtained from charas under reduced pressure certain inactive terpenes and a viscous resin “Cannabinol” which when warmed melts to an oily liquid. Cannabinol when taken internally induces delirium and sleep, and, as far as at present known, is the intoxicating constituent of Indian hemp.

      TESTING CANNABIS ON DOGS

      Through the courtesy of Messrs. Parke. Davis and Co., manufacturing chemists of London and Detroit. Michigan, U.S.A., we are enabled to reproduce a clear pharmacological study of the drug by E. M. Houghton, Ph.C., M.D.; and H. C. Hamilton. M.S (Excerpt from an article in the “American Journal of Pharmacy” for January 1908.) From several samples of Cannabis Americana fluid, extracts and solid extracts were prepared according to the U.S.P., and were tested upon animals for physiological activity.

      The method of assay, which has previously been called to the attention of this Society, is that which one of us (Houghton) devised and has employed for the past twelve years. This method consists essentially in the careful observation of the physiological effects produced upon dogs from the internal administration of the preparation of the drug under test.

      In applying the test, the standard dose (0.01 gram per kilo weight) (in form of solid extract for convenience) is administered internally in a small capsule. The dog’s tongue is drawn forward between the teeth with the left hand and the capsule placed on the back part of the tongue with the right hand. The tongue is then quickly released and the capsule is swallowed with ease. In order that the drug may be rapidly absorbed, food should be withheld for twenty-four hours before the test and an efficient cathartic given if needed.

      Within a comparatively short time the dog begins to show the characteristic action of the drug. There are three typical effects to be noticed from active extracts on susceptible animals: first a stage excitability, then a stage of inco-ordination, followed by a period of drowsiness.. The first of these is so dependent on the characteristics of the dog used that it’s of little value for judging the activity of the drug, while with only a few exceptions the second, or the stage of inco-ordination, invariably follows in one or two hours; the dog loses control of its legs and of the muscles supporting its head, so that when nothing occurs to attract its attention its head will droop, its body sway, and, when severely affected, the animal will stagger and fall, the intoxication being peculiarly suggestive and striking.

      When an active extract is given to a susceptible animal, in the smallest dose that will produce any perceptible effect, one must watch closely for the slightest trace of incoordination, lack of attention. or drowsiness. It is particularly necessary for the animals to be confined in a room there nothing will excite them, since when their attention is drawn to anything of interest the typical effect of the drug may disappear.

      Previous to the adoption of the physiological test over twelve years ago, we were often annoyed by complaints of physicians that certain lots of drugs were inert; in fact some hospitals, before accepting their supplies of hemp preparations, asked for samples in order to make rough tests upon their patients before ordering. Since the adoption of the test we have not had a well-authenticated report of inactivity, although many tons of the various preparations of Cannabis Indica have been tested and supplied for medicinal purposes.

      At the beginning of our observations careful search of the literature on the subject was made to determine the toxicity of the hemp. Not a single case of fatal poisoning have we been able to find reported, although often alarming symptoms may occur.
      A dog weighting 25 pounds received an injection of two ounces of an active U.S.P. fluid extract in the jugular vein with the expectation that it would certainly be sufficient to produce death. To our surprise the animal, after being unconscious for about a day and a half, recovered completely. This dog received. not alone the active constituents of the drug, but also the amount of alcohol contained in the fluid extract. Another dog received about 7 grams of Solid Extract Cannabis with the same result. We have never been able to give an animal a sufficient quantity of a U.S.P. or other preparation of the Cannabis (Indica Arnericana) to produce death.

      CONCLUSIONS

      The effects of this drug are said to be due chiefly to its action upon the central nervous system. It first produces a state of excitement similar to that of the initial stage of acute alcoholism. This excitement of the motor areas and other lower centres in the brain, according to W. E. Dixon, of the University of Cambridge, “is not the result of direct stimulation of these, but is due to depression of the highest and controlling centres. At all events there is a depression of the highest centres, and this is shown by diminished efficiency in the performance of mental work, by inability to concentrate attention, and by feeble judgment.”

      In lower animals the effects of Cannabis Indica resemble those in man, and present the same variations. A stage of exaltation with increased movements is sometimes present, and is followed by depression. lassitude and sleep. Reflex excitability is first increased and then diminished. Cannabis Indica differs from opium in producing no disturbance of digestion and no constipation. The heart is generally accelerated in man when the drug is smoked. Its intravenous injection into animals slows the pulse, partly through inhibitory stimulation and partly through direct action upon the heart muscle. The pupil is generally somewhat dilated. Death from acute poisoning is extremely rare, and recovery has occurred after enormous doses.

      The continued abuse of hashish by natives of the East sometimes leads to mania and dementia, but does not cause the same disturbance of nutrition that opium does; and the habitual use of small quantities, which is almost universal in some Eastern countries, does not appear to be detrimental to health. Cannabis Americana is employed for the same medicinal purposes as Cannabis Indica, which is frequently used as a hypnotic in cases of sleeplessness, in nervous exhaustion, and as a sedative in patients suffering from pain. Its greatest use has perhaps been in the treatment of various nervous and mental diseases, although it is found as an ingredient in many cough mixtures. In general, Cannabis Arnericana can be used when a mild hypnotic dr sedative is indicated, as it is said not to disturb digestion. and it produces no subsequent nausea and depression. It is of use in cases of migraine, particularly when opium in contra-indicated. It is recommended in paralysis agitans to quiet the tremors, in spasm of the bladder, and in sexual impotence not the result of organic disease, especially in combination with nux vomica and ergot. The imported drug varies extremely in activity and much of it is practically inert or flagrantly adulterated.

      The writer desires to acknowledge the able assistance given him in preparing the above notes by Mr. E.M. Holmes, F.L.S., and Mr. S. Jamieson, M.P.S. (Messrs. Parke. Davis and Co.). Readers requiring further information on the subject are referred to the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1907) and Squire’s “Companion to the British Pharmacopoeia,” recently published.

      :laugh_at::laugh_at:

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