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- World’s longest rail tunnel to open in Switzerland under Alps Seems the Swiss applied the concept of putting holes in their cheese to their mountains lol. World's longest rail tunnel to open in Switzerland under Alps | World news | The Guardian
  Started by
  tryptameanie
  in: Environment
- 0
- 12
- June 3, 2016 at 5:05 pm
  
  tryptameanie
- UK : England : NW : Flawed passport photo makes Salford man look like Hitler. Only in Britain :laugh_at: Passport image 'made man look like Adolf Hitler' - BBC News Good that the Passport office are at least acceptiing they've made a mistake and fast tracking a free replacement; especially with UK "tourists" in recent times found to be joining terrorist groups, preying on children or just being ignorant and racist (including two English right wing activists making Nazi salutes in a DE concentration camp museum which is totally illegal) a lot of foreign border controls are not going to think its a joke...
  Started by
  General Lighting
  in: Jokes & Comedy
- 0
- 1
- June 3, 2016 at 1:25 pm
  
  General Lighting
- How to convert Nordic characters on various computers. The University servers in Sweden have long since been taken down as has the authors own personal website (I even tried to locate a newer version to credit him but suspect his name may be widely duplicated) - although this is indexed on the old dejanews via google it isn't easy to find and is still of use to anyone who experiments with emulators of European computers, older equipment using text mode consoles or even a lot of newer specialist items such as small thermal printers that still use older character encoding standards. From: j...@lysator.liu.se (SCN FAQ-robot) Subject: The Nordic graphemes FAQ (the s.c.nordic FAQ) Date: 1998/10/25 Message-ID: X-Deja-AN: 404817159 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit URL: http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq18.html Organization: Linköping University, Sweden Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Mime-Version: 1.0 Newsgroups: soc.culture.nordic The article below belongs to the www-pages at the soc.culture.nordic FAQ web-site. Regarding its accuracy, it must be stated that also _if_ the text initially were quite up to date, this might have changed. The www-version at http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq18.html may look slightly different due to sparsely added links and illustrations. For newer browsers (able to handle tables) the page is also available at a faster www-server: http://www2.lysator.liu.se/nordic/scn/faq18.html The www-version has been html-ized, however not "web-ized" - the texts are not edited to comply to web-readability findings. The pages are supposed to get printed out by readers who find them interesting. Feel free to propose changed wordings for paragraphs and sections in need of that. Also relevant links are more than welcome, in particular links to serious www-pages which are not supposed to change address too often. :->> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Subject: 1.8 What are Nordic graphemes? (by Tor Slettnes) Nordic graphemes can in this context be described as: Graphical representations of the letters that exist in the various Nordic (i.e. Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Finnish) alphabets, beyond those that exist in the English alphabet. Each of the Nordic written languages uses some additional letters compared to English. These are, in order of appearance in the alphabets: Letter: Languages used: Pronounced like: character: ________________________________________________________________ a acute is 'ou' in "loud" á eth is 'th' in "there" ð e acute is (dk, no, se, fi) 'ea' in "yeah" é i acute is 'e' in "he" í o acute is 'o' in "home" ó u acute is 'ou' in "you" ú y acute is 'e' in "he" ý thorn is 'th' in "thumb" þ ae is 'i' in "hi" æ dk, no 'a' in "bad" æ o-slash dk, no 'i' in "bird" ø a-ring dk, no, se (fi) 'o' in "bored" å a diaeresis se, fi 'a' in "bad" ä o diaeresis se, fi, is 'i' in "bird" ö u diaeresis (se, fi, dk, no) 'ue' in french "rue" ü A set of parentheses around the country code indicates that the letter is rarely used in the corresponding language, typically only for loan words or names originating from another language. Other accents, such as ^ (circumflex) and accent-grave are now and then used in foreign names and words in all Nordic languages. In Denmark and Norway the alphabet is ordered: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ ø å For Finland and Sweden the order is: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ä ö If your curiosity isn't satisfied by the pronounciation guide above, there are more extensive comments in the various language sections of this faq. 1.8.1 How are these represented in Usenet postings and E-mail? The "mother" of all modern character sets for computers is the original ASCII character set, now renamed to US-ASCII. (ASCII = "American Standard Code for Information Interchange"). This is a 7-bit set containing the characters needed to write American English without accents or special letters, and little more. No "foreign" letters are included. Various standards exist for representing extra characters, some of which are: Digraph, LaTeX, ISO-646, ISO-8859-1, and the IBM codepages 437, 850, and 865. All of these sets, except the IBM codepages, are usually considered acceptable on soc.culture.nordic, e-mail, and the internet in general. Digraphs are two-character combinations used for simplicity, and are often the most universally understood notation on soc .culture .nordic. However, when using these to non-Nordics, one should be careful to explain that these are digraphs, not two separate characters. Also, some information may get lost by using digraphs, since a filtering program will not be able to determine whether it is really a digraph or two separate characters. LaTeX notation comes from the typesetting program by the same name, where a sequence starting with '' may be substituted with a given character. For instance, the a-ring is written as "aa" or "{aa}" in LaTeX. ISO-646 (really ISO-646-NO and ISO-646-SE) are 7-bit sets similar to US-ASCII, but with national characters substituted in place of the following characters: {, |, }, [, , ]. This is the oldest one of the "true representation" standards mentioned here; it was used in e.g. the Nordic versions of the CP/M operating system, prior to MS-DOS. Today, it is mostly used in Sweden and Finland (although the ordering of the letters, for the sake of compability with the Danish /Norwegian /German equivalents, are not correct in these languages). ISO-8859-1, also called ISO Latin-1, is the first of several 8-bit character sets described in International Standards Organization's document 8859 . (ISO is the maintainer of the meter, the kilogram, etcetera.) This sets include all characters needed for all West European languages, leave Sámi and Esperanto. Latin-1 is a superset of US-ASCII, hence all ASCII characters maintain their original position in this set. Rather than trying to accomodate positioning in any spesific language, the letters in ISO-8859-1 are ordered according to the alphabetical position of their US-ASCII lookalikes. Latin-1 is supported through modern standardizations like MIME (RFC 1521). The IBM codepages 437, 850, 861 and 865 are used on Personal Computers in "text" mode, and is also the default set on many MS-Windows ® communication programs. Out of the Big Blue, they were created to provide text-based PC programs with a means to create low-cost graphics, and the addition of extra characters came as a nice side effect. (Certain Nordic characters were not represented in the original codepage 437, with the consequence that in Iceland, Denmark and Norway, computers would occasionally be sold with cp 861 or 865 in the hardware. Today, alternative codepages can be downloaded to the video card via software). The Danish /Norwegian character o-slash is not represented in cp 437, and in 850 /861 /865 it is positioned with the dangerous code 155 (9B hex) -- "Upper Escape". Certain terminal types will interpret this code as the initial character of a escape command, and may e.g. clear the screen depending on the next letter. Further, it is incompatible with the established 8-bit standard Latin-1, and should be avoided. The various notations of the Nordic graphemes follow: Letter Digraph LaTeX ISO-646 ISO-8859-1 HTML Octal Char _________________________________ _____________________________________ a acute A' '{A} - alt-0193 Á Á 301 Á a' '{a} - alt-0225 á á 341 á eth TH - alt-0208 Ð Ð 320 Ð th - alt-0240 ð ð 360 ð e acute E' '{E} - alt-0201 É É 311 É e' '{e} - alt-0233 é é 351 é i acute I' '{I} - alt-0205 Í Í 315 Í i' '{i} - alt-0237 í í 355 í o acute O' '{O} - alt-0211 Ó Ó 323 Ó o' '{o} - alt-0243 ó ó 363 ó u acute U' '{U} - alt-0218 Ú Ú 332 Ú u' '{u} - alt-0250 ú ú 372 ú y acute Y' '{Y} - alt-0221 Ý Ý 335 Ý y' '{y} - alt-0253 ý ý 375 ý thorn TH - alt-0222 Þ &THORN ; 336 Þ th - alt-0254 þ þ 376 þ u diaeresis U" "{U} ^ alt-0220 Ü Ü 334 Ü u" "{u} ~ alt-0252 ü ü 374 ü ae AE {AE} [ alt-0198 Æ Æ 306 Æ ae {ae} { alt-0230 æ æ 346 æ o-slash OE {OE} alt-0216 Ø Ø 330 Ø oe {oe} | alt-0248 ø ø 370 ø a-ring AA {AA} ] alt-0197 Å Å 305 Å aa {aa} } alt-0229 å å 345 å a diaeresis A" "{A} [ alt-0196 Ä Ä 304 Ä a" "{a} { alt-0228 ä ä 344 ä o diaeresis O" "{O} alt-0214 Ö Ö 326 Ö o" "{o} | alt-0246 ö ö 366 ö The ISO-646 charsets for Denmark/Norway [ iso-646-NO ] and Finland/Sweden [ iso-646-SE ] are in practice obsolete, and there never existed one for Icelandic, but you may run into older 7-bits text files using them. It is to be noted that 'Ü' is not represented in iso-646-NO for Denmark/Norway. 1.8.2 Pros and cons of the different representations If you have been a reader of this group for a while, you may have noticed that discussion about characters and their representations occasionally accounts for quite a bit of bandwidth. It often does not take more than a question about the issue from a new reader, or someone posting an article with an IBM character set, to get a new thread going on the issue. Some want to keep 7-bit ISO-646 (be aware that they may call it "true ASCII", although strictly speaking, is not), since 7-bit codes will always get though with any setup; others want ISO-Latin-1 since it is more universal; and yet others promote digraphs as the greatest common denominator between the two. Some pros and cons for each set: Character set: Advantages: Disadvantages: __________________________________________________________________ Digraphs * Requires 7-bit only * Ambiguous ("oe" or "o-slash"?) * Non-optimal compromise LaTeX * Non-ambiguous 7-bit * Made for typesetting; representation. somewhat cryptic for regular text. * Non-optimal compromise ISO-646-SE, * Only 7-bit "true" * Different standards ISO-646-DK representation. for each language * No data loss even * Getting harder to with old hardware/ find font support software/setup. (Dying out). * Shadows the brace, sqare bracket, pipe, and backslash chars. ISO Latin 1 * Utilizes all 8 bits * Requires 8-bit clean (ISO-8859-1) in a byte; yet avoids connection; older dangerous codes. systems may cause * Universal for all data loss. Western European * May require some languages. setup. * Supported by ISO and * In case of stripping, MIME; true subset of becomes "FXEDVfxedv"; Unicode. difficult to read. IBM CodePages * Uses all 256 codes; * Uses all 256 codes; Machintosh set more characters incl. dangerous ones. * Often used in PC * Incompatible with environments such as the "de-facto" 8-bit BBS'es. standard ISO-8859-1 __________________________________________________________________ 1.8.3 How do I set up support for 7-bit ISO-646 representation? ({|}, []) The ISO-646 sets are still supported via varoius fonts and translation filters. Possible measures to set up support for them are: * For the "terminal" program shipped with Windows 3.x, simply select "Denmark/Norway", "Sweden" or "Finland" from the Translations item in the "Terminal Preferences" dialogue box. * For MS-Kermit, use the command "set term charcter-set language", where "language" is one of "Finnish", "Swedish", or "Norwegian". * For other DOS and Windows communication programs, visit its local translation tables and insert appropriate translations for '[', '', ']', '{', '|', '}'. * For Unix based news readers, either find a ISO-646 font, or pipe your newsreader through one of the following commands (Provided the font you use is ISO-8859-1): Denmark/Norway: tr '\]{|}' '330305346370345' Sweden/Finland: tr '\]{|}' '326305344366345' For instance, in your .cshrc file, insert the following line: alias rn "rn | tr '\]{|}' '330305346370345'" The character '[' should not be translated, because it is used in ANSI escape sequences. Note that if you use this kind of translation, you will no longer see any of the characters ']{|}'; in most cases this outweighs the benefits from seeing the national letters. 1.8.4 How do I set up support for 8-bit ISO-8859-1 representation? (æøåäö, ÆØÅÄÖ) The ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1) set is currently the most common character representation standard on soc.culture.nordic, and is also quite frequent in e.g. soc.culture.german, personal e-mail etc. However, on many systems, the ability to view these characters is not provided as "default", so you may need to configure some things on your own. * If you are reading news through a modem, you need to make sure that your modem connection is 8 data bits. (The most common parameters are "8N1" - 8 data bits, no parity bits, and one stop bit). * For DOS text mode communication programs, you need a ISO->IBM translation table. Tables for Telemate, Telix and Procomm Plus can be found in the file "xlate.zip", available at various FTP sites. * For MS Windows ® communication programs, select an ANSI or ISO-Latin-1 font. For MS-Kermit, use "set term char latin". For Procomm Plus for Windows, select vt220 or vt320 emulation. Be sure that bit 8 is not stripped. * For MS Windows ® you can also generate 8-bit characters globally by choosing "US-International" keyboard layout via the "International" dialogue box in the Control Panel. For instance, 'ä' (a diaeresis) is generated by pressing "a, i.e. double quote followed by lowercase a. A note to Windows programmers: Let the underlying keyboard drivers, run-time libararies etc. take care of keyboard input. Only be sure that the 8th bit is not stripped/masked away. * If your newsreader is UNIX-based, insert the following command in your .login or .profile file: stty -istrip pass8 * If your modem connection is 7 bits (and cannot be changed to 8 bits), you can have ISO-Latin-1 characters translated to "[]{|}" before they are sent over the modem. Pipe your reader through the "tr" command, similar to above: tr '306330305304326346370345344366' '[\][\{|}{|' * If you use the "emacs" editor, version 19.x, and have a ISO-Latin-1 display font, insert the following line in your .emacs file: (standard-display-european t) Also, if you have a keyboard with international characters that you want to be able to use directly, or if you in another way are able to generate 8-bit codes directly from your keyboard, insert the following line: (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode)) (nth 1 (current-input-mode)) 0) Note that in cases where the Meta key is represented by setting the 8th (high) bit, (ie. if you are not using X-windows), this line will disable the Meta key, so you will subsequently have to use "ESC x" to generate "M-x". Otherwise, insert the following line: (load-library "iso-insert") A new keymap, 8859-1, has now been assigned to the key sequence "C-x 8". You can assign this to another sequence, e.g. C-t, by inserting: (global-set-key "C-t" 8859-1-map) Some strokes from this map: C-x 8 d gives ð (eth) C-x 8 t gives þ (thorn) C-x 8 a e gives æ (ae) C-x 8 / o gives ø (o-slash) C-x 8 a a gives å (a-ring) C-x 8 " a gives ä (a diaeresis) C-x 8 " o gives ö (o diaeresis) C-x 8 ' a gives á (a acute) C-x 8 ' i gives í (i acute) 1.8.5 References For an index to other literature on internationalization, try: I am: Tor Slettnes. ___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ - Is the text above really reliable? - See the discussion in section 1.2.2! _________________________________________________________________ © Copyright 1996-98 by Tor Slettnes. You are free to quote this page as long as you mention the URL. This page was last updated September 28th. -- e-mail: j...@lysator.liu.se s-mail: Majeldsvägen 8a, 587 31 LINKÖPING, Sweden www: 404 Not Found - Lysator ACS
  Started by
  General Lighting
  in: Learning & Education
- 0
- 5
- June 2, 2016 at 1:58 pm
  
  General Lighting
- JP : Cover version YMO Behind the mask with 1980s console / MIDI control Ken Matsu (I think he is about my age but a lot smarter and can actually play the piano) has connected this Nintendo console via MIDI controller (which I didn't even know existed) to various other Japanese electronic music equipment of the 1980s. The video starts with an explanation in Japanese of how this all works (and that there is a "MIDI loop" causing both the console and the DX7 to play sounds at the same time) - if you do not understand Japanese either turn on the subtitles/autotranslate - (which are slightly more accurate in NL or DK than EN or DE) or fast forward to 02:45 where the music starts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEjoP8FQdSA
  Started by
  General Lighting
  in: Computers, Gadgets & Technology
- 0
- 5
- June 2, 2016 at 11:40 am
  
  General Lighting
- Sexual Beings being Human Why do we have such an obsession over sex?
  Started by
  swam
  in: Introductions
- 0
- 2
- June 2, 2016 at 11:12 am
  
  swam
- UK : England : Exam stress, health problems led to 145 suicides amongst ages 10-19 This (which is the equivalent of 10 high school classrooms emptied) is shockingly bad for a so-called "developed country" in Europe. On top of the poorly managed / under-resourced schools and the dangerous roads it now leads to multicultural families leaving England with their babies and children or the mother and children returning to their home country (splitting up the family) - which is also bad - babies and children are valuable and there is a global shortage of them. Acne and exam stress among factors leading young people to suicide, study finds | Society | The Guardian
  Started by
  General Lighting
  in: Depression
- 0
- 6
- June 2, 2016 at 9:41 am
  
  General Lighting
- Misheard Lyrics :laugh_at: [YT]Ov_ZTBB9szM[/YT]
  Started by
  Fizzbombheid
  in: Jokes & Humour
- 0
- 15
- June 1, 2016 at 10:49 pm
  
  Fizzbombheid
- Welcome to Party Vibe [username]! So glad you're here... 1 2 … 22 23
  Started by
  lizbeth
  in: Chat
- 0
- 340
- June 1, 2016 at 5:45 pm
  
  lizbeth
- 2c-B-FLY Can't believe I've never posted about this before (I fucking must have, even if it was just me speculating it was on it's way) but this is available and is 100% what it is sold as. There was a VERY unfortunate accident a few years ago where someone believed they had bough 2C-B-FLY but had actually bought bromo-dragonfly which is at least 10 times more active than 2c_b-FLY and actually lead to some tragic deaths and while this post started out as me extolling the vitues of 2c-b-FLY I have to find myself warning people of just how you can never EVER know what some random white powder isand many have died from not doing their homework or even just believing what their dealer told them. Anyway sorry for all that but fuck me 2C-B FLY is every bit what's it's been described as.
  Started by
  tryptameanie
  in: LSD & Other Psychedelic Drugs
- 0
- 8
- May 31, 2016 at 6:06 pm
  
  tryptameanie
- hello from my pc ;) Hello im james looking for some for of comunite to debate and find answers. message me if you whant.
  Started by
  tag537
  in: Introductions
- 0
- 3
- May 31, 2016 at 3:21 pm
  
  tag537
- Pinned So is the destiny of PV skype sex, dildos and Know Hope crouching in the garden ? the other forums seem dead now and it just seems there are the few loyal pv'ers from before trying to make the best of a site becoming quite cringy... i liked it when pv mostly consisted of chats about interesting things, jokes, parties, drugs and combination of... why is it all now 'skype sex' or 'ooh what are you wearing ?' you could be beautiful and sitting there naked and i wouldn't want to know, cos thats quite creepy low vibe stuff for ppl that don't go to parties and so dont meet ppl and need to get kicks from these things. its not really a 'party-vibe' is it, thats what im saying. there is a conflict of interest... :apathy: 1 2 3
  Started by
  know_hope
  in: The Inner Circle
- 0
- 35
- May 31, 2016 at 1:04 pm
  
  know_hope
- kentival gathering kentival 24hr starts 12pm lunchtime .fully licensed and regulated festival on the 25/6/16 on the Medway Kent playing techno, dark tech, hard and acid. an D AN B......... a cheap bar as well.. 18+
  Started by
  shaggydoggy
  in: Festivals
- 0
- 2
- May 30, 2016 at 4:50 pm
  
  shaggydoggy
- AT : Alpenrebellen – Die Leut am Land From 1994 - surreal even by Austrian standards (the lyrics are about the joys of living in a small village up a mountain but explain that they do enjoy "normal" pop music as well (they even borrowed the å from Danish for the Austrian dialect) :laugh_at: These dudes kept their band going until 2013 although some are now working on solo projects and one of the chaps is a music teacher in the local high school.... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vp2BNdCYAmY Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Polka tånz'n woll’n? Wir kennen a an Twist und tuan gern rock’n roll’n. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Oberkrainer hör’n? Wir håb'n an Elton John genau so gern. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Kastelruther mög’n? An Guns’n Roses Sound, da hab’n wir nix dageg’n. Wer sågt denn, då die Leut am Lånd, die san doch gar nit in, i woaß nur, dass i då sehr glücklich bin. 5, 6 Häuser und a Kirchn glei' daneb’n, in so an Dorf, då låsst sich’s leb’n. Und der Pfårrer und der Bäcker kennt mein Nåm’, bei uns am Lånd, då hålt'n d’Leut noch z’såmm. Und schaut uns oana (einer) aus der Stådt so voller Mitleid ån, då låch i gråd, so laut i låch’n kånn. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Polka tånz'n woll’n? Wir kennen a an Twist und tuan gern rock’n roll’n. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Oberkrainer hör’n? Wir håb'n an Elton John genau so gern. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Kastelruther mög’n? An Guns’n Roses Sound, da hab’n wir nix dageg’n. Wer sågt denn, då die Leut am Lånd, die san doch gar nit in, i woaß nur, dass i då sehr glücklich bin. Und der Sommer riacht bei uns nåch frisch'm Heu, dås ist mein Dorf, wie ich mi freu. Då am Kirchenplåtz, då steh’n die Leut beinånd' - i leb so gern, so gern bei uns am Lånd. Und sågt uns oana (einer) aus der Stådt: „Ihr seids doch hinten drån.“ Dånn låch i gråd, so laut i låch’n kånn. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Polka tånz'n woll’n? Wir kennen a an Twist und tuan gern rock’n roll’n. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Oberkrainer hör’n? Wir håb'n an Elton John genau so gern. Wer sågt denn, dass die Leut am Lånd nur Kastelruther mög’n? An Guns’n Roses Sound, da hab’n wir nix dageg’n. Wer sågt denn, då die Leut am Lånd, die san doch gar nit in, i woaß nur, dass i då sehr glücklich bin.
  Started by
  General Lighting
  in: Jokes & Comedy
- 0
- 2
- May 30, 2016 at 8:00 am
  
  General Lighting
- top shelf Hi anyone on here collect top shelf adult magazines:bumwobble:
  Started by
  chrisdance
  in: Books, Magazines, Newspapers & Comics
- 0
- 2
- May 30, 2016 at 1:50 am
  
  chrisdance
- Final Le junk Best methods no back and forth post what has been a success and I will give u mine, $6250 1/4K from Juarez. I will tell you how the first cut begins 1 2
  Started by
  Juicyj1224
  in: Drugs
- 0
- 24
- May 29, 2016 at 10:47 am
  
  Juicyj1224

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